磁盘分区格式化
磁盘分区
➜ ~ fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x5afcbee2.
Command (m for help): p # 打印磁盘/dev/sdc分区信息
Disk /dev/sdc: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x5afcbee2
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n # 创建第一个分区
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): # 第一个分区默认选择主分区
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): # 第一个分区默认编号为1
First sector (2048-62914559, default 2048):
Using default value 2048 # 第一个分区的起始扇区编号默认为2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-62914559, default 62914559): +4G # 设置第一个分区的大小为4G(如果默认，该分区默认会使用整个磁盘)
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 4 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n # 创建第二个分区
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): # 第二个分区默认选择主分区
Using default response p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): # 第二个分区默认编号为2
First sector (8390656-62914559, default 8390656):
Using default value 8390656
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (8390656-62914559, default 62914559): +6G # 设置第二个分区的大小为6G
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 6 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n # 创建第三个分区
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p): # 第三个分区默认选择主分区
Using default response p
Partition number (3,4, default 3): # 第三个分区默认编号为3
First sector (20973568-62914559, default 20973568):
Using default value 20973568
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20973568-62914559, default 62914559): +8G # 设置第三个分区的大小为8G
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 8 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n # 创建第四个分区
Partition type:
p primary (3 primary, 0 extended, 1 free)
e extended
Select (default e): e # 第四个分区默认选择扩展分区
Selected partition 4
First sector (37750784-62914559, default 37750784):
Using default value 37750784
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (37750784-62914559, default 62914559):
Using default value 62914559
Partition 4 of type Extended and of size 12 GiB is set
# 后面的分区都是逻辑分区
Command (m for help): n # 创建第五个分区
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 5
First sector (37752832-62914559, default 37752832):
Using default value 37752832
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (37752832-62914559, default 62914559): +8G
Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 8 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
All primary partitions are in use
Adding logical partition 6
First sector (54532096-62914559, default 54532096):
Using default value 54532096
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (54532096-62914559, default 62914559):
Using default value 62914559
Partition 6 of type Linux and of size 4 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x5afcbee2
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 8390655 4194304 83 Linux
/dev/sdc2 8390656 20973567 6291456 83 Linux
/dev/sdc3 20973568 37750783 8388608 83 Linux
/dev/sdc4 37750784 62914559 12581888 5 Extended
/dev/sdc5 37752832 54530047 8388608 83 Linux
/dev/sdc6 54532096 62914559 4191232 83 Linux
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-6, default 6): 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 82
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux swap / Solaris'
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-6, default 6): 5
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-6, default 6):
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x5afcbee2
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 8390655 4194304 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sdc2 8390656 20973567 6291456 83 Linux
/dev/sdc3 20973568 37750783 8388608 83 Linux
/dev/sdc4 37750784 62914559 12581888 5 Extended
/dev/sdc5 37752832 54530047 8388608 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdc6 54532096 62914559 4191232 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.最终在磁盘/dev/sdc上创建了六个分区，可用分区有五个sdc1、sdc2、sdc3、sdc5、sdc6，sdc4作为一个扩展分区，sda4的Start和End之间的扇区被sdc5、sdc6使用。
➜ ~ fdisk -l | grep "/dev/sdc"
Disk /dev/sdc: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
/dev/sdc1 2048 8390655 4194304 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sdc2 8390656 20973567 6291456 83 Linux
/dev/sdc3 20973568 37750783 8388608 83 Linux
/dev/sdc4 37750784 62914559 12581888 5 Extended
/dev/sdc5 37752832 54530047 8388608 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdc6 54532096 62914559 4191232 8e Linux LVM格式化分区
- sdc1: 分区类型为Linux swap / Solaris，将其格式化为交换分区，
mkswap /dev/sdc1 - sdc2: 分区类型为Linux，将其格式化为常用的
ext4文件系统，mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc2 - sdc3: 分区类型为Linux，将其格式化为常用的
xfs文件系统，mkfs.xfs /dev/sdc3 - sdc5、sdc6: 分区类型为Linux LVM，可以将其创建为PV，
pvcreate /dev/sdc5pvcreate /dev/sdc6。
挂载
接着上一步，现在将格式化的分区挂载到文件
创建对应目录作为挂载点
mkdir /my-xfs-fs /my-ext4-fs使用mount命令进行挂载
mount /dev/sdc2 /my-ext4-fs
mount /dev/sdc3 /my-xfs-fs使用命令df -hT可以看到/dev/sdc2 /dev/sdc3已分别挂载到了目录/my-ext4-fs /my-xfs-fs
➜ ~ df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 898M 0 898M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 13M 897M 2% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 57G 3.5G 54G 7% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 195M 820M 20% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 182M 0 182M 0% /run/user/1000
/dev/sdc2 ext4 5.8G 507M 5.0G 10% /my-ext4-fs
/dev/sdc3 xfs 8.0G 33M 8.0G 1% /my-xfs-fs直接在终端通过mount无法实现系统启动自动挂载，所以需要将挂载配置写入到配置文件/etc/fstab，这样才能在启动系统的时候自动挂载。
首先备份配置文件/etc/fstab
cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak将挂载信息写入到配置文件中
echo '/dev/sdc2 /my-ext4-fs ext4 defaults 0 0
/dev/sdc3 /my-xfs-fs xfs defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab
建议在
/etc/fstab中使用全局唯一标识符UUID来引用新分区，可以使用blkid命令获得新分区的UUID
echo "`blkid /dev/sdc2 | awk '{print $2}' | sed 's|"||g'` /my-ext4-fs ext4 defaults 0 0
`blkid /dev/sdc3 | awk '{print $2}' | sed 's|"||g'` /my-xfs-fs xfs defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstabLVM管理分区
创建PV
➜ ~ pvcreate /dev/sdc5
Physical volume "/dev/sdc5" successfully created.查看创建好的PV
➜ ~ pvdisplay /dev/sdc5
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdc5
VG Name myvg
PV Size 8.00 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 2047
Free PE 2047
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID gHzz11-nLHQ-r91b-x147-83h9-5A3L-GgOoN7创建VG
➜ ~ vgcreate myvg /dev/sdc5
Volume group "myvg" successfully created查看创建好的VG
➜ ~ vgdisplay myvg
--- Volume group ---
VG Name myvg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <8.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 2047
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 2047 / <8.00 GiB
VG UUID l7UyP6-0teT-C1Jh-DfW9-228B-kDQP-f5yN4k创建LV
分配所有VG空间到LV
lvcreate -n mylv -l 100%VG myvg分配指定的VG空间到LV
lvcreate -n mylv -L 6G myvg ➜ ~ mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv创建一个目录，作为挂载点
➜ ~ mkdir /mylv-mount-point将挂载配置写入到配置文件中，实现系统启动自动挂载
cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak
echo `blkid /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv | awk '{print $2}' | sed 's|"||g'` /mylv-mount-point xfs defaults 0 0 >> /etc/fstabLV扩容
在LV空间快要用完或者已经用完的时候，可以对LV进行扩容。
我们对上一步创建的LV mylv进行扩容
首先查看当前文件系统使用情况，可以看到/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv大小为8G，接下来我们用/dev/sdc6这块逻辑分区对LV mylv进行扩容。
➜ ~ df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 898M 0 898M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 9.6M 901M 2% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 57G 3.5G 54G 7% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 195M 820M 20% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 182M 0 182M 0% /run/user/1000
/dev/sdc2 ext4 5.8G 507M 5.0G 10% /my-ext4-fs
/dev/sdc3 xfs 8.0G 33M 8.0G 1% /my-xfs-fs
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv xfs 8.0G 33M 8.0G 1% /mylv-mount-point- 创建PV
➜ ~ pvcreate /dev/sdc6
Physical volume "/dev/sdc6" successfully created.- 将新建的PV
/dev/sdc6添加到VGmyvg中
➜ ~ vgextend myvg /dev/sdc6
Volume group "myvg" successfully extended- 将VG
myvg的可用空间都添加到LV/dev/myvg/mylv
➜ ~ lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/myvg/mylv
Size of logical volume myvg/mylv changed from <8.00 GiB (2047 extents) to 11.99 GiB (3070 extents).
Logical volume myvg/mylv successfully resized.- 调整文件系统大小
➜ ~ xfs_growfs /dev/myvg/mylv
meta-data=/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=524032 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=2096128, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 2096128 to 3143680➜ ~ resize2fs /dev/myvg/mylv- 再次查看文件系统使用情况，可以看到
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv大小已经从8G扩展到12G
➜ ~ df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs devtmpfs 898M 0 898M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 21M 889M 3% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 57G 3.5G 54G 7% /
/dev/sda1 xfs 1014M 195M 820M 20% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 182M 0 182M 0% /run/user/1000
/dev/sdc2 ext4 5.8G 507M 5.0G 10% /my-ext4-fs
/dev/sdc3 xfs 8.0G 33M 8.0G 1% /my-xfs-fs
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv xfs 12G 33M 12G 1% /mylv-mount-point